Keto- & Lowcarb science

We leven in een wereld waar alle informatie die je mogelijk zou willen weten, maar enkele muisklicks weg is. Handig zou je denken.

Het doorzoeken van databases voor wetenschappelijke publicaties over de exacte conditie waarnaar je zoek bent, kan tijdrovend zijn. Op het internet is veel tegenstrijdige informatie aanwezig, en vaak is die info onvoldoende onderbouwd. Wat ben je met al die info beschikbaar op het net, wanneer je ze niet kunt vinden of de betekenis ervan niet begrijpt?

Dat wilde we anders bij ketokriebels! We willen dat relevante info voor iedereen die kiest voor een ketogene levensstijl beschikbaar en toegankelijk is.

Ben je op zoek naar een aandoening die je hier niet kunt vinden of wil je een paper indienen om te worden opgenomen in deze database? Neem voor meer informatie contact met ons op.

Voordelen van ketose

Gough, S.M. et al. (2021) ‘Neuroprotection by the Ketogenic Diet: Evidence and Controversies’, Frontiers in Nutrition, 8. doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.782657.
Włodarek D. Role of Ketogenic Diets in Neurodegenerative Diseases (Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease). Nutrients. 2019;11(1). doi:10.3390/nu11010169
Veyrat-Durebex C, Reynier P, Procaccio V, et al. How Can a Ketogenic Diet Improve Motor Function? Front Mol Neurosci. 2018;11. doi:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00015
Paoli A, Bianco A, Damiani E, Bosco G. Ketogenic diet in neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:474296. doi:10.1155/2014/474296
Cunnane, S.C. et al. (2022) ‘Multimodal strategy to rescue the brain in mild cognitive impairment: ketogenic oral nutrition supplementation with B vitamins and aerobic exercise’, European Journal of Clinical Investigation, p. e13806. doi:10.1111/eci.13806.
Yang H, Shan W, Zhu F, Wu J, Wang Q. Ketone Bodies in Neurological Diseases: Focus on Neuroprotection and Underlying Mechanisms. Front Neurol. 2019;10. doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00585
Shcherbakova, K., Schwarz, A., Apryatin, S., Karpenko, M., Trofimov, A., 2022. Supplementation of Regular Diet With Medium-Chain Triglycerides for Procognitive Effects: A Narrative Review. Front Nutr 9, 934497.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.934497
Vinciguerra F, Graziano M, Hagnäs M, Frittitta L, Tumminia A. Influence of the Mediterranean and Ketogenic Diets on Cognitive Status and Decline: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):1019. doi:10.3390/nu12041019
Camandola S, Mattson MP. Brain metabolism in health, aging, and neurodegeneration. The EMBO Journal. 2017;36(11):1474-1492. doi:10.15252/embj.201695810
Morris G, Maes M, Berk M, Carvalho AF, Puri BK. Nutritional ketosis as an intervention to relieve astrogliosis: Possible therapeutic applications in the treatment of neurodegenerative and neuroprogressive disorders. European Psychiatry. 2020;63(1). doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2019.13
Norwitz NG, Jaramillo JG, Clarke K, Soto A. Ketotherapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. In: Söderbom G, Esterline R, Oscarsson J, Mattson MP, eds. International Review of Neurobiology. Vol 155. Metabolic and Bioenergetic Drivers of Neurodegenerative Disease: Treating neurodegenerative diseases as metabolic diseases. Academic Press; 2020:141-168. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.02.003
Kovács Z, Brunner B, Ari C. Beneficial Effects of Exogenous Ketogenic Supplements on Aging Processes and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients. 2021;13(7):2197. doi:10.3390/nu13072197
Maiuolo J, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, et al. From Metabolic Syndrome to Neurological Diseases: Role of Autophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9. doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.651021
Wang, J.-H. et al. (2022) ‘The potential pharmacological mechanisms of β-hydroxybutyrate for improving cognitive functions’, Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 62, pp. 15–22. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2021.10.005.
Toppala, S. et al. (2019) ‘Midlife Insulin Resistance as a Predictor for Late-Life Cognitive Function and Cerebrovascular Lesions’, Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 72(1), pp. 215–228. doi:10.3233/JAD-190691.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Nilholm C, Roth B, Ohlsson B. A Dietary Intervention with Reduction of Starch and Sucrose Leads to Reduced Gastrointestinal and Extra-Intestinal Symptoms in IBS Patients. Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1662. doi:10.3390/nu11071662
Nilholm C, Larsson E, Sonestedt E, Roth B, Ohlsson B. Assessment of a 4-Week Starch- and Sucrose-Reduced Diet and Its Effects on Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Inflammatory Parameters among Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients. 2021;13(2):416. doi:10.3390/nu13020416
Nilholm C, Larsson E, Roth B, Gustafsson R, Ohlsson B. Irregular Dietary Habits with a High Intake of Cereals and Sweets Are Associated with More Severe Gastrointestinal Symptoms in IBS Patients. Nutrients. 2019;11(6):1279. doi:10.3390/nu11061279
Austin GL, Dalton CB, Hu Y, et al. A Very Low-Carbohydrate Diet Improves Symptoms and Quality of Life in Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2009;7(6):706-708.e1. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2009.02.023
Algera J, Colomier E, Simrén M. The Dietary Management of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Narrative Review of the Existing and Emerging Evidence. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):2162. doi:10.3390/nu11092162
Chumpitazi BP, Shulman RJ. Dietary Carbohydrates and Childhood Functional Abdominal Pain. Ann Nutr Metab. 2016;68(Suppl 1):8-17. doi:10.1159/000445390
Saidi K, Nilholm C, Roth B, Ohlsson B. A carbohydrate-restricted diet for patients with irritable bowel syndrome led to lower serum levels of C-peptide, insulin, and leptin without any correlation with symptom reduction. Nutrition Research. Published online December 4, 2020. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2020.12.001
Nilholm C, Larsson E, Roth B, Gustafsson R, Ohlsson B. Irregular Dietary Habits with a High Intake of Cereals and Sweets Are Associated with More Severe Gastrointestinal Symptoms in IBS Patients. Nutrients. 2019;11(6):1279. doi:10.3390/nu11061279
Van den Houte K, Colomier E, Schol J, Carbone F, Tack J. Recent advances in diagnosis and management of irritable bowel syndrome. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2020;33(5):460-466. doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000628 ABSTRACT
Chimienti G, Orlando A, Lezza AMS, et al. The Ketogenic Diet Reduces the Harmful Effects of Stress on Gut Mitochondrial Biogenesis in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021;22(7):3498. doi:10.3390/ijms22073498 (pre-clinical)

Crohn’s Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Suskind DL, Lee D, Kim Y-M, et al. The Specific Carbohydrate Diet and Diet Modification as Induction Therapy for Pediatric Crohn’s Disease: A Randomized Diet Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2020;12(12):3749. doi:10.3390/nu12123749
Jiang Y, Jarr K, Layton C, et al. Therapeutic Implications of Diet in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Related Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Nutrients. 2021;13(3). doi:10.3390/nu13030890
Konijeti GG, Kim N, Lewis JD, et al. Efficacy of the Autoimmune Protocol Diet for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2017;23(11):2054-2060. doi:10.1097/MIB.0000000000001221
Kakodkar S, Mutlu EA. Diet as a therapeutic option for adult inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2017;46(4):745-767. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2017.08.016
Burgis JC, Nguyen K, Park K, Cox K. Response to strict and liberalized specific carbohydrate diet in pediatric Crohn’s disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(6):2111-2117. doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i6.2111
Tóth C, Dabóczi A, Howard M, J. Miller N, Clemens Z. Crohn’s disease successfully treated with the paleolithic ketogenic diet. International Journal of Case Reports and Images. September 2016. doi:10.5348/ijcri-2016102-CR-10690
Lowery RP, Wilson JM, Sharp MH, Wilson GJ, Wagner R. The effects of exogenous ketones on biomarkers of Crohn’s disease: A case report. Journal of Gastroenterology and Digestive Diseases. 2017;2(3).
Mehrtash F. Sustained Crohn’s Disease Remission with an Exclusive Elemental and Exclusion Diet: A Case Report. Gastrointestinal Disorders. 2021;3(3):129-137. doi:10.3390/gidisord303001
Rashid T, Wilson C, Ebringer A. The Link between Ankylosing Spondylitis, Crohn’s Disease, Klebsiella, and Starch Consumption. Journal of Immunology Research. doi:10.1155/2013/872632
Norwitz NG, Loh V. A Standard Lipid Panel Is Insufficient for the Care of a Patient on a High-Fat, Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet. Front Med. 2020;7. doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00097 (IBD)

GERD

Wu K-L, Kuo C-M, Yao C-C, et al. The effect of dietary carbohydrate on gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Formos Med Assoc. 2018;117(11):973-978. doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2017.11.001
Pointer SD, Rickstrew J, Slaughter JC, Vaezi MF, Silver HJ. Dietary carbohydrate intake, insulin resistance and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: A pilot study in European- and African-American obese women. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016;44(9):976-988. doi:10.1111/apt.13784
Yancy WS, Provenzale D, Westman EC. Improvement of gastroesophageal reflux disease after initiation of a low-carbohydrate diet: Five brief case reports. Altern Ther Health Med. 2001;7(6):120, 116-119. PMID:11712463 PDF
Austin GL, Thiny MT, Westman EC, Yancy WS, Shaheen NJ. A very low-carbohydrate diet improves gastroesophageal reflux and its symptoms. Dig Dis Sci. 2006;51(8):1307-1312. doi:10.1007/s10620-005-9027-7 ABSTRACT

General

Lee HS, Lee J. Influences of Ketogenic Diet on Body Fat Percentage, Respiratory Exchange Rate, and Total Cholesterol in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(6):2912. doi:10.3390/ijerph18062912
Coleman JL, Carrigan CT, Margolis LM. Body composition changes in physically active individuals consuming ketogenic diets: a systematic review. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021;18:41. doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00440-6
McSwiney FT, Doyle L, Plews DJ, Zinn C. Impact Of Ketogenic Diet On Athletes: Current Insights. Open Access J Sports Med. 2019;10:171-183. doi:10.2147/OAJSM.S180409
Noakes, T.D. (2022) ‘What Is the Evidence That Dietary Macronutrient Composition Influences Exercise Performance? A Narrative Review’, Nutrients, 14(4), p. 862. doi:10.3390/nu14040862.
Paoli A, Bianco A, Grimaldi KA. The Ketogenic Diet and Sport: A Possible Marriage? Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 2015;43(3):153. doi:10.1249/JES.0000000000000050
Coleman JL, Carrigan CT, Margolis LM. Body composition changes in physically active individuals consuming ketogenic diets: a systematic review. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021;18(1):41. doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00440-6
Phinney SD, Horton ES, Sims EAH, Hanson JS, Danforth E, Lagrange BM. Capacity for Moderate Exercise in Obese Subjects after Adaptation to a Hypocaloric, Ketogenic Diet. J Clin Invest. 1980;66(5):1152-1161. doi:10.1172/JCI109945 PDF
Durkalec-Michalski K, Nowaczyk PM, Siedzik K. Effect of a four-week ketogenic diet on exercise metabolism in CrossFit-trained athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2019;16(1):16. doi:10.1186/s12970-019-0284-9
O’Neal EK, Smith AF, Heatherly AJ, et al. Effects of a 3-week High-Fat-Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Lipid and Glucose Profiles in Experienced, Middle-age Male Runners. Int J Exerc Sci. 2019;12(2):786-799. PMCID: PMC6533093
Longland TM, Oikawa SY, Mitchell CJ, Devries MC, Phillips SM. Higher compared with lower dietary protein during an energy deficit combined with intense exercise promotes greater lean mass gain and fat mass loss: a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103(3):738-746. doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.119339
Creighton BC, Hyde PN, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJ, Phinney SD, Volek JS. Paradox of hypercholesterolaemia in highly trained, keto-adapted athletes. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2018;4(1):e000429. doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000429
Manninen AH. Very-low-carbohydrate diets and preservation of muscle mass. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2006;3:9. doi:10.1186/1743-7075-3-9
Webster CC, van Boom KM, Armino N, et al. Reduced Glucose Tolerance and Skeletal Muscle GLUT4 and IRS1 Content in Cyclists Habituated to a Long-Term Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. Published online February 28, 2020:1-8. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0359
Howard EE, Margolis LM. Intramuscular Mechanisms Mediating Adaptation to Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diets during Exercise Training. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2496. doi:10.3390/nu12092496
Delli Paoli G, van de Laarschot D, Friesema ECH, et al. Short-Term, Combined Fasting and Exercise Improves Body Composition in Healthy Males. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. Published online September 30, 2020:1-10. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0058
Moro T, Tinsley G, Longo G, et al. Time-restricted eating effects on performance, immune function, and body composition in elite cyclists: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2020;17(1):65. doi:10.1186/s12970-020-00396-z
Paoli A, Cenci L, Pompei P, et al. Effects of Two Months of Very Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, Muscle Area, and Blood Parameters in Competitive Natural Body Builders. Nutrients. 2021;13(2):374. doi:10.3390/nu13020374
Durkalec-Michalski K, Nowaczyk PM, Siedzik K. Effect of a four-week ketogenic diet on exercise metabolism in CrossFit-trained athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2019;16. doi:10.1186/s12970-019-0284-9
Ratia N, Pietiläinen KH, Auranen M, et al. Modified Atkins diet modifies cardiopulmonary exercise characteristics and promotes hyperventilation in healthy subjects. Journal of Functional Foods. 2021;81:104459. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2021.104459

Endurance

Gejl KD, Nybo L. Performance effects of periodized carbohydrate restriction in endurance trained athletes – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2021;18(1):37. doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00435-3
Cao J, Lei S, Wang X, Cheng S. The Effect of a Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet on Aerobic Capacity and Exercise Performance in Endurance Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2021;13(8):2896. doi:10.3390/nu13082896
Bailey CP, Hennessy E. A review of the ketogenic diet for endurance athletes: performance enhancer or placebo effect? Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2020;17(1):33. doi:10.1186/s12970-020-00362-9
Volek JS, Freidenreich DJ, Saenz C, et al. Metabolic characteristics of keto-adapted ultra-endurance runners. Metabolism. 2016;65(3):100-110. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.028
Burke LM. Ketogenic low‐CHO, high‐fat diet: the future of elite endurance sport? J Physiol. 2021;599(3):819-843. doi:10.1113/JP278928
Cox PJ, Kirk T, Ashmore T, et al. Nutritional Ketosis Alters Fuel Preference and Thereby Endurance Performance in Athletes. Cell Metabolism. 2016;24(2):256-268. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.07.010
Burke LM, Whitfield J, Heikura IA, et al. Adaptation to Low Carbohydrate High Fat diet is rapid but impairs endurance exercise metabolism and performance despite enhanced glycogen availability. The Journal of Physiology. n/a(n/a). doi:10.1113/JP280221
McSwiney FT, Wardrop B, Hyde PN, Lafountain RA, Volek JS, Doyle L. Keto-adaptation enhances exercise performance and body composition responses to training in endurance athletes. Metab Clin Exp. 2018;81:25-34. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2017.10.010 ABSTRACT
Maunder E, Dulson DK, Shaw DM. Autonomic and Perceptual Responses to Induction of a Ketogenic Diet in Free-Living Endurance Athletes: A Randomized, Crossover Trial. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. Published online April 19, 2021:1-7. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2020-0814
Ma S, Suzuki K. Keto-Adaptation and Endurance Exercise Capacity, Fatigue Recovery, and Exercise-Induced Muscle and Organ Damage Prevention: A Narrative Review. Sports (Basel). 2019;7(2). doi:10.3390/sports7020040
Zinn C, Wood M, Williden M, Chatterton S, Maunder E. Ketogenic diet benefits body composition and well-being but not performance in a pilot case study of New Zealand endurance athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017;14:22. doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0180-0
Volek JS, Noakes T, Phinney SD. Rethinking fat as a fuel for endurance exercise. European Journal of Sport Science. 2015;15(1):13-20. doi:10.1080/17461391.2014.959564 ABSTRACT
Phinney SD, Bistrian BR, Evans WJ, Gervino E, Blackburn GL. The human metabolic response to chronic ketosis without caloric restriction: Preservation of submaximal exercise capability with reduced carbohydrate oxidation. Metabolism. 1983;32(8):769-776. doi:10.1016/0026-0495(83)90106-3 ABSTRACT
Gillen JB, West DW, Williamson EP, Fung HJW, Moore DR. Low-Carbohydrate Training Increases Protein Requirements of Endurance Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. May 2019. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002036 ABSTRACT
Shaw DM, Merien F, Braakhuis A, Maunder E, Dulson DK. Effect of a Ketogenic Diet on Submaximal Exercise Capacity and Efficiency in Runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. April 2019. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002008 ABSTRACT
Brady AJ, Langton HM, Mulligan M, Egan B. Effects of Eight Weeks of 16: 8 Time-restricted Eating in Male Middle- and Long-Distance Runners. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2020;Publish Ahead of Print. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002488
Waldman HS, Heatherly AJ, Killen LG, Hollingsworth A, Koh Y, OʼNeal EK. A 3-Week, Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet Improves Multiple Serum Inflammatory Markers in Endurance-Trained Males. J Strength Cond Res. Published online August 18, 2020. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003761 ABSTRACT
Devrim-Lanpir A, Hill L, Knechtle B. Efficacy of Popular Diets Applied by Endurance Athletes on Sports Performance: Beneficial or Detrimental? A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2021;13(2):491. doi:10.3390/nu13020491

This is an emerging area. Studies include diets favouring whole foods or avoiding potential trigger foods. There are a number of features that may connect the conditions e.g. nutrient sufficiency, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, hormonal responses (ghrelin/leptin) and brain glucose hypometabolism/insulin signaling issues which support the potential role of nutritional interventions.

The significant burden of metabolic syndrome in these patients, along with the possible role of drug side effects, could indicate a benefit of therapeutic carbohydrate restriction as an independent consideration.

Due to the therapeutic effect of carbohydrate restriction, medical supervision is advised when adopting this approach – reflected in the following article: Ede G (Author), Scher B (Medical review) Low Carb and Mental Health: Getting Started & Managing Medications. Diet Doctor.

Naast het leveren van een duurzame energiebron, kunnen ketonen – en in het bijzonder BHB – ontstekingen en oxidatieve stress helpen verminderen, waarvan wordt aangenomen dat ze een rol spelen bij de ontwikkeling van veel chronische ziekten.

Er zijn inderdaad verschillende gevestigde voordelen en potentiële voordelen van het zijn in voedingsketose. Gevestigde voordelen zijn onder andere:

Eetlustregulatie: Een van de eerste dingen die mensen vaak opmerken als ze in ketose zijn, is dat ze minder vaak honger hebben. Onderzoek heeft zelfs aangetoond dat ketose de eetlust onderdrukt. Studies tonen ook een afname van ghreline aan, het zogenaamde ‘hongerhormoon’.
Gewichtsverlies: Veel mensen eten automatisch minder wanneer ze koolhydraten beperken en krijgen zoveel vet en eiwitten als ze nodig hebben om een vol gevoel te krijgen. Omdat ketogene diëten de eetlust onderdrukken, het insulinegehalte verlagen en de vetverbranding verhogen, is het niet verrassend dat is aangetoond dat ze beter presteren dan andere diëten die bedoeld zijn om gewicht te verliezen.
Omkering van diabetes en prediabetes: Bij mensen met diabetes type 2 of prediabetes kan ketose helpen de bloedsuikerspiegel en insulinerespons te normaliseren, wat mogelijk kan leiden tot stopzetting van diabetesmedicatie.
Potentieel verbeterde atletische prestaties: Ketosis kan zorgen voor een extreem langdurige brandstoftoevoer tijdens langdurige inspanning bij zowel topsporters als recreatieve atleten.
Beheer van epileptische aanvallen: Het handhaven van ketose met het klassieke ketogene dieet of het minder stringente gemodificeerde Atkins-dieet (MAD) is bewezen effectief voor het beheersen van epilepsie bij zowel kinderen als volwassenen die niet reageren op medicatie tegen epilepsie.

Bronnen voor wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar therapeutische koolhydraatbeperking en aanverwante onderwerpen

Virta Health blog: A comprehensive list of low-carb research: https://www.virtahealth.com/blog/low-carb-research-comprehensive-list
Neslanzeno: Overview of medical papers and other publications relevant to human physiology in the context of carbohydrate restriction: https://www.neslazeno.cz/references/
Diet Doctor: The science of low carb and keto: https://www.dietdoctor.com/low-carb/science
Nutrition Network: Downloads

Evidence based onderzoek

An evidence-based approach to developing low-carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes management: A systematic review of interventions and methods. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31347236
Effect of dietary carbohydrate restriction on glycemic control in adults with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29522789
Effects of low-carbohydrate- compared with low-fat-diet interventions on metabolic control in people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review including GRADE assessments. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30007275
Unwin, D., Haslam, D. and Livesey, G. (2016) ‘It is the glycaemic response to, not the carbohydrate content of food that matters in diabetes and obesity: The glycaemic index revisited’, Journal of Insulin Resistance, 1(1), p. 9. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4102/jir.v1i1.8.
Walker, L., Smith, N. and Delon, C. (2021) ‘Weight loss, hypertension and mental well-being improvements during COVID-19 with a multicomponent health promotion programme on Zoom: a service evaluation in primary care’, BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, p. bmjnph. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000219.

Voordelen van ketose

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Crohn’s Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

GERD

General

Endurance

Bronnen voor wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar therapeutische koolhydraatbeperking en aanverwante onderwerpen

Evidence based onderzoek

Recente keto-artikels

Keto en neurologische aandoeningen

Positief effect van Ketogeen dieet op Alzheimer.

Visie van Cardioloog Dr Aseem Malhotra

Ketogene diëten lijken het het darmmicrobioom te veranderen

Hallo, Ben je klaar om je gezondheid naar een hoger niveau te brengen en een keto levensstijl aan te vatten?